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Tan Malaka
Indonesian philosopher, writer, politician and national hero (–)
Ibrahim Simabua Dt. St. Malaka | |
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Ibrahim Simabua Sutan Malaka, portrait as published in his autobiography | |
| Born | Ibrahim Simabua ()2 June Limapuluh Koto, Dutch East Indies |
| Died | 21 February () (aged&#;51) Kediri, Indonesia |
| Cause&#;of death | Execution by firing squad |
| Nationality | Indonesian |
| Other&#;names | 23 aliases[a] |
| Awards | National Hero of Indonesia |
| Era | Modern philosophy |
| Region | Eastern philosophy |
Main interests | Epistemology, Socialism, Marxism, Trotskyism, Pan-Islamism |
Notable ideas | Madilog, National Marxism, % independent Indonesia |
Ibrahim Simabua Datuak (posthumous) Sutan Malaka also known as Tan Malaka (2 June – 21 February ) was an Indonesian statesman, teacher, Marxist, philosopher, founder of Struggle Union (Persatuan Perjuangan) and Murba Party, independent guerrilla and spy, Indonesian fighter, and national hero. Te
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Please cite as:
Yilmaz, Ihsan; Bachtiar, Hasnan; Smith, Chloe & Shakil, Kainat. (). “Fluctuating Populism: Prabowo’s Everchanging Populism Across the Indonesian Elections.” Populism & Politics (P&P). European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS). March 15,
Abstract
This paper introduces an interesting aspect or variant of populism which we call ‘fluctuating populism’ through a case study of Prabowo Subianto Joyohadikusumo, the winner of the Indonesian presidential election, and a career politician for over three decades in the country. We define ‘fluctuating’ quality of populism as the strategic adjustments made by populist leaders to their rhetoric and ideological messaging across different political campaigns in pursuit of electoral victory. Based on the Indonesian presidential elections of , , , and , the paper demonstrates the dynamic nature of populism. It reveals that over just a decade, Prabowo has undergone shifts in ideological stan •Gordon Legge
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