Eratosthenes biography pdf free

  • Eratosthenes was a Greek mathematician and scholar born in Cyrene, Libya in the 3rd century BC. He made accurate calculations to measure the circumference.
  • Understand Eratosthenes of Cyrene's life, his work as a mathematician and geographer, and how he became the first person to correctly approximate the.
  • Eratosthenes (circa 276 B.C.–194 B.C.) is considered a famous scientist of ancient Greece.

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    Biography of Eratosthenes

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    Eratosthenes was a Greek scientist and librarian from the 3rd century BC. who performed pioneering calculations to estimate the size of the Earth by measuring shadows in two different cities during the summer solstice. He also cataloged 675 fixed stars and calculated the obliquity of the ecliptic. He spent much of his life in Alexandria as director of the Library of Alexandria.

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    Eratosthenes was a Greek scientist and librarian from the 3rd century BC. who performed pioneering calculations to estimate the size of the Earth by measuring shadows in two different cities during the summer solstice. He also cataloged 675 fixed stars and calculated the obliquity of the ecliptic. He spent much of his life in Alexandria as director of

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    Eratosthenes' Geography [Core Textbook ed.] 9781400832217

    Table of contents :
    Contents
    Illustrations
    Introduction
    Abbreviations
    Eratosthenes and the History of Geography
    Eratosthenes Geographika
    Book 1
    Book 2
    Book 3
    Summaries and Commentaries
    Commentary to Book 1
    Commentary to Book 2
    Commentary to Book 3
    Gazetteer
    Maps
    Appendices
    Appendix 1. On the Measurement of the Earth
    Appendix 2. Testimonia for the Life of Eratosthenes
    Appendix 3. Lengths of Measurement
    Bibliography
    Index of Passages Cited
    General Index

    Citation preview

    EratosthEnEs’

    Geography

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    EratosthEnEs’

    Geography Fr agmEnt s col l Ect Ed an d transl at Ed, wit h co mmE n tary a nd addit ional m at Eri al , by

    duan E w. ro l l E r

    Pr i ncEt on u nivErsit y P rE ss Pr i ncEt on and oxF ord

    copyright © 2010 bygd Princeton university Press Published by Princeton university Press, 41 william street, Princeton, new Jersey 08540 in the united Kingdom: Princeton univers

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    Eratosthenes of Cyrene: Biography & Work as a Mathematician

    Measuring the Earth's Circumference

    We often hear stories about sailors during the era of Columbus in the 15 th century who thought the world was flat, and that ocean voyagers would sail off the edge of the world. The reality though is that many had already deduced that the Earth was a sphere, and not flat at all. Eratosthenes was one of the first to do this, and even more remarkable, he correctly approximated its circumference. Keep in mind this was a time when he did not travel outside Egypt or have communication with distant parts of the world. Instead he achieved this great feat through the power of mathematics and observation, and sticks and shadows.

    He started with the following observation. At noon during the summer solstice in an Egyptian city called Syene (or Swenet) the Sun appeared overhead in such a way that a stick perpendicular to the the ground cast no shadow. However in Alexandria at the same time